This study explores the application of Voice Assistants (VAts) in providing information and guiding passengers at airports, highlighting their potential as a transformative solution to enhance passenger experience. The study examines the major determinants of Voice Assistant (VAts) adoption and use in the airport setting using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model in conjunction with the Information Acceptance Model (IAM). Data were collected from 314 participants in Vietnam, representing various professions and age groups, with (...) the majority being 18 years and older. In addition, many interviews were conducted with people who frequently work in or use airport services to provide qualitative insights. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS was applied to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of the factors in the model to identify the accepted factors (Sig < 0.05) aimed at extracting the core content. The findings indicate important predictive factors for the acceptance of VAts in the Vietnamese context, emphasizing that theoretical insights must be thoroughly examined before practical implementation. These insights provide actionable recommendations for airport authorities and technology developers to design user-centered Voice Assistant (VAts) solutions, enhancing service efficiency and passenger satisfaction at airports. (shrink)

Editors Rachel Brown and Deva Woodly bring together Mara Marin, Shatema Threadcraft, Christopher Paul Harris, Jasmine Syedullah, and Miriam Ticktin to examine the question: what would be required for care to be an ethic and political practice that orients people to a new way of living, relating, and governing? The answer they propose is that a 21st-century approach to the politics of care must aim at unmaking racial capitalism, cisheteropatriarchy, the carceral state, and the colonial present. The politics of (...) care is an approach to political thought and action that moves beyond the liberal approach which situates care as a finite resource to be distributed among autonomous individuals, or as a necessarily feminine virtue. Instead, those elucidating the politics of care for the contemporary era draw on rich interdisciplinary traditions and social movements to theorize and practice care as an inherently interdependent survival strategy, a foundation for political organizing, and a prefigurative politics for building a world in which all people can live and thrive. (shrink)

Dans ses Moralia, Jacques Almain (v. 1480-1515) aborde la question du fondement des interdits moraux : tout péché est-il péché parce qu’il est interdit? Il présente comme étant la plus probable l’opinion des maîtres qui ont affirmé qu’il existe bien des actes intrinsèquement mauvais, c’est-à-dire des actes dont Dieu lui-même ne peut faire qu’il soit au pouvoir de l’homme de les accomplir sans par là pécher. Pour exposer cette opinion, Almain reprend la thèse de Grégoire de Rimini selon laquelle il (...) existe, en amont des « interdits impératifs » essentiellement contingents, des « interdits indicatifs » issus de la droite raison, plus fondamentaux que les premiers, par lesquels les actions peccamineuses sont nécessairement proscrites. Mais la relecture de Grégoire par Almain place au centre de l’analyse métaéthique de ces interdits nécessaires l’activité législatrice d’une droite raison souveraine. Car les jugements de la droite raison ne semblent fondés sur aucune objectivité antécédente au jugement lui-même – ce qui anticipe à certains égards la révolution kantienne. (shrink)

Introduction.--Analyse résumée du système Vijñaptimātra.--Historique du système Vijñaptimātra, d'après D. Shimaji, par m. Paul Demiéville.--Traduction de la Viṃśatikā et de la Triṃśikā de Vasubandhu.--La notation de tréfonds (l'Ālaya vijñāna) d'après le Fan yi ming yi tsi, traduit en collaboration avec Édouard Chavannes.--Corrections au texte sanscrit.--Lexique des termes techniques.

Deepak Sarma completes the first outline in more than fifty years of India's key philosophical traditions, inventively sourcing seminal texts and clarifying language, positions, and issues. Organized by tradition, the volume covers six schools of orthodox Hindu philosophy: Mimamsa (the study of the earlier Vedas, later incorporated into Vedanta), Vedanta (the study of the later Vedas, including the _Bhagavad Gita_ and the _Upanishads_), Sankhya (a form of self-nature dualism), Yoga (a practical outgrowth of Sankhya), and Nyaya and Vaisesika (two (...) forms of realism). It also discusses Jain philosophy and the Mahayana Buddhist schools of Madhyamaka and Yogacara. Sarma maps theories of knowledge, perception, ontology, religion, and salvation, and he details central concepts, such as the _pramanas_ (means of knowledge), _pratyaksa_ (perception), _drayvas_ (types of being), _moksa_ (liberation), and _nirvana_. Selections and accompanying materials inspire a reassessment of long-held presuppositions and modes of thought, and accessible translations prove the modern relevance of these enduring works. (shrink)

This introduction to the Madhva school of Vedanta is accessible to a wide audience with interest in Hinduism, Indian thought and in the comparative philosophy of religion.Deepak Sarma explores the philosophical foundations of Madhva Vedanta and then presents translations of actual debates between the Madhva and Advaita schools of Vedanta, thus positioning readers at the centre of the 700 year-old controversy between these two schools of Vedanta. Original texts of Madhvacarya are included in an appendix, in translation and in (...) Sanskrit. (shrink)

All normative theory presupposes the answer to an unasked question: independent of content or phenomenology, what makes normative commitments genuinely operative rather than merely performed? From the constitutive constraints of physical processing, I derive a logically constrained, empirically anchored, substrate-neutral functional architecture (three object-level systems and a meta-level monitor) that physical systems must instantiate to remain norm-responsive. When uptake capacity degrades under structural interference, an ought-implies-can dilemma emerges: theories demand the architecturally impossible, dissolve obligation entirely, or fail to distinguish genuine (...) incapacity from culpable production. Because possessing normative commitments inherently presupposes the physical capacity to execute them, the internal logic of commitment generates a foundational layer: propaedeutic normativity. This operates through three apophatic norms (prohibitive, preservative, restorative) activated by non-inferential alarms, blocking the infinite regress that deliberative meta-norms would generate. When interference renders procedural compliance impossible, the Principle of Normative Relocation dictates that obligation does not dissolve; it relocates to restoring capacity. Tracing the culpable degradation of this architecture reveals a pervasive diagnostic blind spot in contemporary theory: the individual simulacrum. Because object-level systems can mechanically execute optimization routines after the meta-level monitor fails, an entity can produce procedural compliance behaviorally indistinguishable from norm-responsiveness. This establishes why propaedeutic excellence is strictly irreducible to procedural execution. Finally, the framework yields a demarcation criterion specifying the functional requirements necessary to distinguish agency from algorithmic optimization. To process a reason is to be subject to the foundational obligation of maintaining the capacity to do so. Normativity requires a subject capable of receiving it. Until we theorize the precarious architecture that makes this reception possible, our normative theories will remain brilliantly articulated rules for a game whose preconditions we have not yet taken seriously. The ought of maintenance does not presume to tell an agent what is right or wrong; it preserves the structural capacity to genuinely deliberate between right and wrong. The ought of doing rests, finally, on the ought of maintaining. (shrink)

AI systems are increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts (medical diagnosis, legal research, financial analysis) under the assumption they can be governed by norms. This paper demonstrates that the assumption is formally invalid for optimization-based systems, specifically Large Language Models trained via Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). Genuine agency requires two necessary and jointly sufficient architectural conditions. First, the capacity to maintain certain boundaries as non-negotiable constraints rather than tradeable weights (Incommensurability). Second, a non-inferential mechanism capable of suspending processing when (...) those boundaries are threatened (Apophatic Responsiveness). RLHF-based systems are constitutively incompatible with both conditions. The operations that make optimization powerful, unifying all values on a scalar metric and always selecting the highest-scoring output, are precisely the operations that preclude normative governance and agency. This incompatibility is not a correctable training bug awaiting a technical fix. It is a formal constraint inherent to what optimization is. Consequently, documented failure modes (sycophancy, hallucination, and unfaithful reasoning) are not accidents but expected structural manifestations. Misaligned deployment triggers a second-order risk termed the Convergence Crisis. When humans are forced to verify AI outputs under metric pressure, they degrade from genuine agents into criteria-checking optimizers, eliminating the only component capable of bearing normative accountability. Beyond the incompatibility proof, this paper's primary positive contribution is a substrate-neutral architectural specification deriving what any system (biological, artificial, or institutional) must necessarily satisfy to qualify as a genuine agent rather than a sophisticated instrument. (shrink)

We routinely treat institutions as genuine agents, presupposing their capacity for reason-guided deliberation. Existing accounts of group agency are normative idealizations, unable to maintain what they describe, detect degradation, or intervene before collapse. I argue institutional agency is not generated by coordination systems, but borrowed entirely from individuals whose alarms fire at normative boundary violations. Because borrowed agency faces exactly three collective structural problems, exactly three conditions must be maintained to make it genuine: generality, neutrality, and stability (GNS). These mutually (...) supporting conditions generate a continuous structural spectrum. Their joint absence triggers inversion, a self-concealing phase transition where coordination systems mimic agency while consuming it, producing a behaviorally indistinguishable simulacrum. Derived exhaustively, their permutations generate a complete diagnostic map of eight states. Because GNS configurations trace structural trajectories, this map is prospective, enabling intervention before behavioral outputs reveal systemic failure. Rather than relying on surface outputs, this framework identifies structural signals such as expertise exit, narrative rigidity, and somatic alarms to isolate genuine agency from its extracting simulacrum. As optimization systems absorb content functions, norm-responsiveness becomes the irreplaceable human contribution: a capacity inverted institutions are structurally motivated to consume, and individuals are obligated to protect. The question is never whether an institution has the right credentials, the right procedures, or the right outputs. The question is whether the alarms of its members can reach the places that matter. (shrink)

The bounded rationality debate remains structurally unresolved because its two dominant readings, the heuristics-and-biases reading and the ecological rationality reading, both treat genuine deliberation and heuristic optimization as categorically distinct cognitive processes, overlooking their shared architectural substrate. This paper argues instead for a structural continuity thesis. Pure optimization is not an alternative to deliberation but its limiting case, the exact structural residue that remains when the constitutive physical constraints of bandwidth, energy, and computation strip away two necessary conditions of genuine (...) deliberation. These conditions are incommensurability, the structural resistance of competing considerations to reduction to a common scalar metric, and apophatic responsiveness, the non-inferential interruption of processing that has become decoupled from normative commitments. A canonical architectural sequence establishes why finite realization constitutively drives toward the elimination of both conditions through scalar collapse. Recognizing this continuous degradation yields graded normativity: the capacity for genuine norm-responsiveness is a continuous, state-dependent variable tracking the degree of architectural coupling rather than the sophistication of processing outputs. Because capacity and coupling are independent variables, graded normativity dissolves the bounded rationality deadlock without treating a resource-infinite deliberator as a viable regulative ideal or mistaking optimization residue for a distinct species of rationality. (shrink)

Do you have to be one to know one? Madhvàcàrya, the founder of the thirteenth century school of Vedànta, answered this question with a resounding 'yes!' Madhvàcàrya's insistence that one must be a Màdhva to study Màdhva Vedànta led him to employ various strategies to exclude outsiders and unauthorized readers from accessing the root texts of his tradition and from obtaining oral commentary from living virtuosos. Deepak Sarma explores the degree to which outsiders can understand and interpret the doctrine (...) of the Màdhva school of Vedànta. The school is based on insider epistemology which is so restrictive that few can learn its intricate doctrines. This book reveals the complexity of studying traditions based on insider epistemologies and encourages its audience to ponder both the value and the hazards of granting any outsider the authority and opportunity to derive important insights into a tradition as an insider. The first analysis of the Màdhva tradition, this work contributes to the ongoing controversies regarding epistemic authority and voice in religious studies. (shrink)

The drive for recognition, I argue here, is a normative claim inherent in the many polysemic uses of human rights around the world. By critically re-reading Axel Honneth's theory of recognition with the anthropological literature on human rights, I wish to observe how conceptions of universal dignity and personhood are present in culturally situated struggles for political participation. This is neither the vernacularisation of canonical liberal ideas nor their careless strategic deployment in local contexts. On the other hand, actors on (...) the margins speak the idiom of human rights to produce a contingent sense of self that is nevertheless universal in its ambition. In line with Honneth, I divide the ethnographic cases I consider into the institutional spheres of love, legality and solidarity to imagine three qualitatively different praxes of recognition. It is time to move beyond the dated universalism-versus-relativism debate. By shifting the focus to recognition, I hope to design an alternative theoretical scaffolding of human rights that makes sense of why the disenfranchised still use it, wherever and whenever they do, despite its persistent failures. (shrink)

Study on the contribution of Citsukha, 13th century Indian philosopher, to the non-dualistic (advaita) school of Hindu philosophy.

Philosophical Investigations, Volume 44, Issue 4, Page 372-402, October 2021.

The quest for knowledge, for Socrates, is a holistic approach in which the subject is required to transform himself. This brings Socrates’ philosophy closer to the self-enhancement practice of spiritualism. The present study tries to explore the spiritual hue in the key thoughts of Socrates, viz., self-knowledge, goodness, knowledge and virtue, conscious ignorance, training for death, and the investigative methods he used like irony, midwifery method, and dialectic method, etc. The work is an analytical study based on the relevant published (...) works and the dialogues of Plato in which the character Socrates represents the philosophy of the historical Socrates. (shrink)

Classical text on Advaita Vedanta philosophy; includes commentaries and supercommentaries.

Le discours amoureux dans ses fondements comme ses impensés philosophiques peut éclairer d’une manière pertinente l’entreprise de l’abstraction picturale, ses ambitions comme ses limites. Moins analogique que métaphorique au sens de Hans Blummer le présent article tente de tisser des liens entre deux domaines d’ordinaire séparés : l’art et… l’amour!

Se trata de mostrar y analizar algunas de las lecturas que se han hecho de la obra de Mohandas Gandhi en América Latina en las últimas décadas, a través de un escrito que se balancea entre una investigación empírica y el estudio de un caso que permite presentar dos problemas teóricos. Para esto se abordan autores y autoras de diversos países de la región, que permiten aludir a dos problemas teóricos que se formulan en este trabajo: la circulación de las (...) ideas entre regiones Sur-Sur, la reelaboración de las ideas en la región receptora. Estos problemas son claves en el desarrollo de los estudios eidéticos como disciplina. Se realiza una introducción respecto a la recepción de las ideas de Gandhi en la región hacia 1930, estudiando las articulaciones del pensamiento de éste con otros autores y tendencias de pensamiento y señalando algunas recepciones y cruzamientos posteriores. Luego el trabajo se focaliza en estudiosos de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico y Venezuela, tratando de presentar varios casos diferentes y que cubran numerosos países de la región, apuntando a un muestreo válido, aunque sin suficiente afirmación metodológica. The intention of this work is to show and analyze some of the readings that have been done about Mohandas Gandhi’s work in Latin America in the last decades, by means of a writing that swings between an empirical research and the study of a case that allows to present two theoretical problems. For this there are approached authors and authoresses of diverse countries of the region, who allow to allude to two theoretical problems that are formulated in this work: the flow of the ideas between South-South regions, the reformulation of the ideas in the receiving region. These issues are key to the development of the eidéticos studies as a discipline. An introduction is made regarding the reception of the ideas of Gandhi in the region by 1930, studying the joints of his thought and of those of other authors and trends of thought, pointing out some receptions and later crosses. Then the work focuses in experts of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico and Venezuela, trying to present several different cases covering numerous countries of the region, pointing at a valid sampling, though without sufficient methodological affirmation. (shrink)

Contributed articles on the philosophy of Meghaśyāma Puṇḍalīka Rege, Indian philosopher.

Referees are essential participants in the sport of football. They are responsible for enforcing the rules and achieving the necessary impartiality for the matches. Referees are often target of hostile reactions from fans, players, and coaches. However, few studies have focused on these experiences and the strategies they use to manage them. In order to fill this gap, a qualitative interview-based study was developed to explore the experiences of a group of football referees on aggression, violence, and coping. A thematic (...) analysis was developed combining inductive and deductive processes. Results indicated that the most frequent aggressions experienced were verbal abuse. Most of the aggressions from spectators were of a sexist nature. When aggressions were considered normal by referees, symbolic violence emerged. Racist aggressions were directed to the two Moroccan participants. Problem and emotional-focused coping strategies were identified. The two most common referee responses to coaches’ and players’ verbal abuse were penalties and send-off calls. Smiling and not considering insults as a personal matter were two emotional-focused coping strategies used toward spectator aggressions. Implications for the referees’ job and well-being as well as the quality of football competitions were highlighted to reduce aggressions and violence and to help referees to cope with hostile behaviors. (shrink)